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Nucleoside analogue — antimetabolite

Gemcitabine

Gemzar

How it works

Inhibits DNA synthesis by mimicking deoxyribose. Activates apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. First-line backbone for mPDAC.

The patient tolerates weekly GnP well. Monitor for cumulative neuropathy and declining counts. Australian protocol: eviQ 1375.

Dosing

Typical doses

  • 1000 mg/m² IV

Schedule

  • D1/D8/D15 of 28-day cycle
    cycle_linked

Side Effects

  • Myelosuppression (neutrophils, platelets, RBC) — nadir D10–14
  • Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
  • Fatigue, malaise
  • Flu-like syndrome (myalgia, fever)
  • Rash, mild alopecia, nail changes
  • Febrile neutropenia — fever + ANC <500 is oncologic emergency
  • Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (rare, <1%)
  • Hepatotoxicity, elevated transaminases

Monitoring

  • FBC (CBC) before each dose; ANC <1000 → hold or delay
  • LFTs (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) — baseline and D22
  • U&Es, creatinine